A nice free course about cyber security is currently running

A nice free course about cyber security is currently running. If you are interested in this field or want to protect you digital data beter, have a look at the futurelearn website. It's a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). The course Introduction to cuber security has just started:
https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/introduction-to-cyber-security 

What do immigrants carry with them.

I have tried to do research about the effectiveness of emergency preparedness. This is however very hard to since this is very hard to determine what is effective, what isn’t and how to generate or find statistics.

What I have done is check the number of people dying after a mayor incident. Assuming an emergency bag is a response type of action, not a mitigation tool I assumed for my little research that an emergency bag is not a tool that prevents dead during a incident.

Very few people die after a mayor event. Even when not prepared people can generally survive long enough until help arrives. Obviously getting cold, dehydrated and hungry isn’t nice. But very few people die of it after an incident. The step from mayor incident to relief is not nice, but in the vast majority of cases not lethal.

In the emergency preparedness community, there is a lot of talk of the gear we might need in an emergency or when we flee for something. There is even talk about the ‘I’m never coming home bag’ (Acronym: ‘INCH bag’). Generally heavy and massive bags, because people think they will need to bring everything they will every need on their backs. As a hiker and mountaineer, it’s easy to see why that would not work. Big heavy bags, means you are slower, less manoeuvrable, tiring a lot quicker and it uses a lot of calories. As a mountaineer I carry a lot less weight than some people do in there ‘INCH’ bag and still manage to survive pretty bad weather condition.

What do people in real life bring? The refugee crisis in Europe gives us a look at what people bring. With hazardous border crossings, from climbing fences, running away from border guards, to going by boat and packing as light as possible (or ditch stuff) on boats, because people smugglers want to pack as many people as possible on a boat.

Some real life examples from the immigrants:

http://www.smh.com.au/world/whats-in-my-bag-what-syrian-refugees-carry-when-they-flee-20150906-gjgi3y.html

https://medium.com/@theIRC/what-s-in-my-bag-758d435f6e62

http://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2015/sep/04/syrian-refugees-pack-for-the-crossing-to-europe-crisis

Surprisingly little is carried and they are generally not shelter, food and water independent. Does this matter? Just like any emergency situation, there are some kind of effort by governments, NGO’s or just volunteers that will help with this. In the case of the immigrants the way to Europe is through functional countries, where they can buy food, water and shelter or depend on government or charity. think survival able, but certainly not comfortable.

So what is the point of this article. Well primarily that you do not need much to survive. I’m not saying that carrying as little as the refugees, but carrying 50+ pounds ‘INCH’ bags what some propose is just crazy. Find a middle ground in weight/size versus mobility. The way is to figure out what you can do without, not with what might come in handy. 

Disaster rescue and recovery; donations

The Nepal disaster sparks up lots of conversation of people willing to help. Some just donate to large recovery organisations like the red cross, some want to send money to small local charity, others want to fly over and help. Well people time for a reality check.

In everyday life big company’s often use the just in time (JIT) method. Manufacturing and shipping items just in time, when and where it is needed. Having items laying in storage and transit it just and waste of space and resources being tied up. This makes everything more flexible and easier to adjust to what is needed, while minimizing of wasted time and resources.

A disaster area generally has lots of logical challenges. Logical workers might not show up (dead, injured, taking care of loved once or simply not able to get to work), road are blocked, equipment and buildings might be damaged or lost. Then there is a huge amount of stuff send to these areas. Clogging up at the roads and airports. This makes just in time delivery even more important than ever before. Items send must be what is needed right then, with proper equipment and personnel to train and supply people with the right items. Items that are most needed are the ones that are effective in giving the aid that is needed with minimum spend resources on site.

But the reality is that a lot of people and organisations don’t send the right things, send things at the wrong time or just send things without thinking about logistics. If you fly items in, but arranged nobody to do something with it, it will just sit there. Unsolicited help is not help. There are no surplus personnel waiting for it, if you did not arrange them. This means either send it back or just shove it aside to make space on the tarmac. Once pushed off the tarmac it will probably degrade and become useless. With other words, people fly things in, get shoved aside, spoils and become a big pile of garbage. Spending money, clogging chock points and creating garbage.

Items send to disaster area need to be kept low in required resources and personnel. For instance, bottled water is very resource and labour intensive product and creates lots of trash. Pallet of water need to put in to trucks, put in distribution sites, people need to manage and secure (yes security is a mayor factor) these sites and every single bottle needs to be brought there. Using vehicles, drivers, fuel and road capacity. These resources are in high demand, so using less of them is good. The alternative would be a water purification unit (many different sizes available), If there are water sources nearby. Once delivered on sight, it only requires very little supplies and resources to keep going.

Donated items by individuals are another class of resource intense ‘aid’. People donating their old stuff to charity and expect them to be donated to victims of a disaster. The problem with donating stuff is sorting useless stuff (a lot of useless stuff) from useful stuff, sort them in categories, sizes, clean them and bag them. If you need to get things done now, this is not a realistic option. It takes lots of time and lots of volunteers to do this.

Items also need to be the appropriate for the area. Don’t send pork to Jewish or Muslim communities. Don’t send winter coats to warm areas. Don’t send items which won’t work in those countries (wrong sockets and voltage for electrical devices). Don’t send food that need extensive cooking, when people houses are destroyed.

The most effective donations are cash, which are spend on buying supplies in and nearby the disaster area. You won’t compete with the local market, you stimulate the economic (helps the economic recovery) items are already nearby and require little transportation, items are familiar to the locals and no customs issues. 

Disaster rescue and recovery; helping

Once a disaster strike like Nepal recently, many people want to go there to help.  Sometimes that’s not an issue. I used to work for a fire department which supplies people for the national urban search and rescue unit. So I know some of my former co-workers were send to Nepal. They are trained and have their logistics done, so no worries there. But what about the average Joe who want to fly over to help?

There are a few things to consider, why would you go to a disaster area to help. Is it your feel good trip or because you can actually do something useful? People might say they want to do something useful but in practise are not.

To help in a disaster area, you first need to make sure you are not using their resources. People don’t have a place to sleep, no food and water and you fly in and don’t have those things there either? Well maybe you should take care of that first. If you have to take their shelter, water and food, then you are using resources the victims need. Meaning you are not helping, but you are a burden.

Then the second question, what are you going to do there? If you do not have specialist skills and knowledge which is needed, then the only thing you can provide is helping numbers and muscle. But there generally is enough numbers and muscle. So why compete with the locals. The locals speak the language, know the area, known the local customs and are in general more useful. It’s the same issue I mentioned when people go to Africa to help build a school. You are not helping, but competing with the locals. They are poor, but have enough people. So sending more people to volunteer for work, is the worst thing you can do. Send money and hire a local professional is probably cheaper than your plane ticket and if you are not trained, they will also perform a better job. Their income will also further boost the local economy. The same goes with disaster relief. Give jobs to locals to help normalise there situation and there for indirectly boost the economy there.

Disaster recovery is a profession. It requires training to get the right skills and local knowledge. If you do not know the local customs, do not know the culture and language you probably doing more harm than good. Remember It’s not about you. Disaster recovery is about the victims. 

Disaster rescue and recovery; Different units, different uses.

With the Nepal disaster there are some critics, who argue about how emergency personnel are being used in the post disaster rescue and recovery efforts. Why are mountaineers getting rescued from the mountains, while there are people trapped in collapsed houses. Why are those foreign mountaineers getting help but the mountain village aren’t.

Well let’s get something clear. Rescue units are not trained to do every type of rescue. Different units are trained and equipped for different kind of jobs. Just look at what the different types of firefighters; There are structural fire fighters, forest fire fighters, technical rescue (road traffic collisions), hazardous material specialists, rescue divers, height rescue, etc. Although most fire fighters are trained to fight fire, the specialist jobs are generally only done by a smaller selection of fire fighters with specialist training and equipment.

Mountains rescue units are trained to save people from mountains. They are trained and equipped for just that. Mountaineering skills, specialist rope skills and improvisation (weight is a big issue when climbing). Urban search and rescue is a completely different type of unit. They need to find and reach people buried in (concrete) rubble, meaning working with specialist jacks, equipment to saw though rebar, stabilizing structured, etc. Totally different training and equipment. Using one unit to do the job of the other is letting people do things they have no clue about with the wrong equipment.

Then there is another difference; there are rescue units and there is recovery organisations. Rescue units are there only to rescue people; getting people safely out and to a safe location. Then there are organisations which focus on recovery. Recovery is making sure thing getting back to normal. Generally by providing basic necessity; shelter (tents), food, water, hygiene and basic medical services. Then the next step of getting things back to normal. These are obviously different from rescue units. Rescue units might leave surplus equipment and supplies when they leave, but they don’t provide more recovery wise than that.

So when people are arguing about rescuing mountaineers (mountain rescue units), but villages not receiving aid (recovery), they just don’t realist these a totally different units and organisations. It’s easy to judge, but unless you are schooled/trained in emergency management, you might need to take a step back and stop criticizing the professionals. 

Disaster rescue and recovery; local rescue personnel.

The earthquake in Nepal is showing how most large scale disasters happen. Here are a few posts/rants about disaster rescue and recovery.

What happens after a disaster is not as easy as many thinks. Many people reaction it so send stuff or go there to help. Well it’s really not that easy. Many often are critical about the local authorities not helping enough at the beginning, but that is just unrealistic expectations.

Emergency personnel are not in surplus supply. Just look at a everyday mayor structural fire. One district generally can’t field enough equipment and men power to fight the fire and have to request assistant from bordering districts. Their bordering districts might fill in the coverage gap. Other things might happen, so you still need to make sure there is some reserve. Not a major problem, these large fire happen, but generally they don’t occur at the same place and certainly not nearby of each other.

But what if we add some new challenges in the mix. Emergency personal are just citizens and often even volunteers. In a mayor disaster they are effected to. Some might be killed or injured, others have to take care of their direct love ones. Would you leave your trapped and injured child so you can help others? People often forget that emergency service personnel are just people. You can’t expect them to drop everything to save you.

Then there are logical issues. Communications are generally disrupted, roads are blocked, the fire stations and emergency equipment storage might be affected. First priority is generally not rescue, but getting things setup so you can start with rescue; clear the roads, set up communications and inventory what capacity the emergency services have left and figuring out what happened and what needs to be done. With these challenge, don’t expect emergency personal to be everywhere at the same time, or same day, or days…

In an disaster you can get help from even further away. One option is to request help from the army. Most armies have fairly large numbers of personnel and large amount of equipment. They suffer from the same logical issues. Needing unaffected personnel and equipment, communications and cleared roads. And more importantly soldiers are not trained as rescue personnel. Lots of comments from people why the army isn’t pulling people from collapsed buildings. But last time I checked, most soldiers are trained to use weapons, not with working with rescue equipment. Saws to cut rebar and jacks to lift concrete slaps are completely different tools than a rifle. So the army is generally more suitable for the logics; clearing roads, building bridges, settings up tents and easy rescue and recovery work which require numbers and muscles, but not specialist training.

Can we blame authorities for not able to respond to a disaster to everybody immediately? Well even the rich western counties won’t be able to field enough equipment and personal immediately. Many area’s effected by disasters are often very poor. What do expect them from spending in preparing there emergency services? People are even saying that you shouldn’t donate money, because the authorities didn’t respond quickly enough. People are expecting things to be done more quicker than ever.  Unless you spend outrages amounts of money and resources preparing for a disaster, this will never happen. Not in poor countries, not in rich countries. Don’t complain if it takes time, it’s just reality. People are expecting instant gratifications, that might work with some parts in your life, but certainly not in disaster response and recovery.  

Edx Natural disaster course

If you read this blog, you might be interested in the following Edx course:
https://www.edx.org/course/natural-disasters-mcgillx-atoc185x

It's a MOOC (massive open online course), which is free to follow.

New Year damage

Celebration is for some people a reason for some vandalism. So was this new year. Somebody though it was fun to put some heavy firework under my back window wiper. Gone was the window and I found pieces of the wiper 4 meters back, possible bounced back from a fence .

They also found it funny to wipe my neighbours car with a salad?

Living in a relative quite area and parking in a quiet place did not seem to help against low life. Guess next year I’ll park my car in the office car park. 

Why you always want enough spare batteries for all you smoke and CO detectors.

Smoke detectors using 9V batteries have a warning beep, when the battery gets low. This will keep beeping until the battery dies or has been replaced. A few handy facts to know:

- The batteries have a lower voltage when it’s cold. Since the temperature drops during the night, the beeps usually starts during the night. This is also why sometimes it seems to disappear in the morning and come back next night.
- If you have multiple detectors, the threshold for the beep to start varies between detectors. So using a multi meter of battery checker might not find the one which is beeping.
- NiMH and Lithium batteries have different voltage properties so depending on the detector it might start beeping to late or too soon.

If you do not want to wake up at night from the beeps, make sure you replace the batteries on time. If it still beeps, make sure you have enough batteries to replace them all. Finding the correct detector can be hard and is rather annoying in the middle of the night. Replacing them all at once and get back to sleep. Trust me, I have 5 detectors (smoke, heat and CO) and all in a small apartment.

Other things to note:
- Make sure to cap or tape of 9V batteries after use to prevent short circuiting
- The detectors have expiration dates too. When you use them to long, the detectors become less sensitive.

How to stay up to date

I have a back ground in public management specifically aimed at safety. However there are many government cut backs and emergency management is just as affected by these budget cuts as other government tasks. I'm currently not employed in this field directly. I work for a supplier of training software for emergency management, so clsoe but not clsoe enough. There are a few thing i do to keep up to date so i can get back in to this field of work. This is what I do:

• Follow all the news letters of all organisations related to your field. This keeps you up to date with all the new things.

• Following Linkedin group related to your field. This keeps you up to date with all the new things, but also what others think of it. Knowing what the feeling is amongst the crowd is vitally important as a policy maker.

• Following  additional courses to make you stand out. This can be expensive professional education, but MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) are also good option. MOOC’s have the advantage of being free, allows you to follow up to date courses and from university all over the world (different perspectives). But they generally do not provide with profesional certifications which are needed sometimes. It does nicely extend your CV and shows future employees that you are doing things to improve yourself and keep up to date. Professional education has the advantage of actual certification which are in demand. However also rather expensive.

Light weight electric vehicles crash worthiness

With increasingly more attention to global emissions and local pollution, electric vehicles are getting more popular. There are a few way of making electric vehicles. One way is to make a electric car like a gasoline car in size and weight. The other way is to make a lighter type of vehicle. This increasingly is causing concern in crashes between light weight vehicles and regular vehicles.

The IIHS already published there finding on low speed vehicles (or mini trucks) in 2010

http://www.iihs.org/iihs/news/desktopnews/low-speed-vehicles-and-minitrucks-shouldnt-share-busy-public-roads-with-regular-traffic

Euroncap made a test for what is referred to as  ‘quadricycles’. US and European vehicle classes are not the same so it’s hard to compare them directly, but these vehicles are also light weight and do not have to meet the same regulation as ‘normal’ vehicles on the road.

http://www.euroncap.com/results/quadricycles.aspx

Light weight vehicles generally do not perform well against regular traffic. Something to keep in mind when buying and driving such vehicles. 

Burglar prevention; Secustrip

Many countries have certain burglar prevention and mitigation which are not seen in other countries. One interesting door hardening devices out there is a Secustrip, made by a Dutch company. It’s a metal bar with a special shape placed on both the door and the door frame. It effectively prevents burglars from being able to stick something between the door and frame to pry the door open. This effectively reduces the chance of burglars getting entrance by prying, which is one of the most popular methods of defeating doors.

Several versions are available, for inwards and outwards swinging doors and different recess between the door and the frame. Some versions have the screw fully covered by the bars, while some models have requires special security screws on the outside.  Available in steel, aluminum and galvanized steel and in different colors.

These strips run the full length of the door and frame and does require a stiff door to work effectively. If the door is not stiff enough, a gap can be created by putting a boot on the door and flexing the door at the bottom. By no means a solution for all burglar methods, but it does make it harder.

More information can be found on the website of the manufacture (unfortunately in Dutch)

Helmet do they work or they they not work; ski / snowboard helmets

There is a lot of discussion about helmets. For proffesional use; contractors, rescue personal, etc they are pretty much mandatory and not much discussion going down there.

However when it comes down to helmets are recreation, this becomes a discussion. Does a helmet save you from a climbing accident? bike crash? a ski/snowboard crash? Ice skate crash?

Well all sports have there discussion, different dangers and different helmet regulations. Here are some interesting information about ski and snowboard helmets:

http://skicanadamag.com/2011/12/05/gear/helmet-science

http://www.ski-injury.com/prevention/helmet

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/01/sports/on-slopes-rise-in-helmet-use-but-no-decline-in-brain-injuries.html?_r=0

In the end the basic conclusion is that a helmet won't increased your survival rate when you hit a stationary object (rock, tree) with high speeds. It does protect your head from slower impacts, which would be far more harmful if no helmet is worn.

Nice short video from NGC about keys

Nice short video from NGC about keys. I knew you could copy a keys from pictures, but I honestly haven't though of the 3D printer yet. 

Consumerism and preparedness: just be practical

There are many different people whom prepare for emergency’s. A lot don’t, some are very casual about it and a few are more serious about it. Even in the serious categories there are many differences. Some are very practical ones and some are consumer driven. The last one is also quite active on the internet.

With preparedness and preparedness items being more and more of a regular consumer product, people act like the manufacture want them too. Manufactures try to make new models each year to satisfy the never ending crave for new things of consumers. This is not always a bad thing. A lot of things have been improved over the years.

However when it comes down to emergency preparedness, when practicability, ruggedness and simplistic plays a role, this generally does not. In the process of making ever new products, manufactures are starting to place ever more features on their products and using more exotic materials, to make them more desirable. This however does not mean it's more practical and useful. Quite often they are less practical, less rugged, and more complicated. Or at least not as time tested. This is fortunately not a problem with large scale equipment. Organisations buying large equipment are all about practical application and costs. It is however a problems when it comes down to personal equipment.

First of all I’m not saying that you should not have new equipment and technologies. Some are great, like modern communication and network enables capabilities.  But you should look at equipment primarily at the practical stand point:

- Price; you can only spend your money once, so you better make sure it’s worth it.
- Usability; things needs to be easy to use, with little instructions. People often do not use emergency equipment, so it needs to be easy to understand and use.
- Maintenance; emergency equipment is often stored for long periods of time and when they are needed, there is little time for maintenance.  So equipment which require very little maintenance are best. However all equipment need maintenance to work properly. Spare should be on hand and it’s best if they are the same as other commonly used parts on other equipment. Maintenance should be easy and require little (specialist)  tools.
- Quality; a well manufactured piece of equipment usually work a lot better than a cheaply made equipment. However don’t confuse  a nice finish with quality. They are often related, but not always the same. 
- Larger storage and operating range; Equipment should be able to be stored and used in dry, wet, cold, hot and dusty environments. So the equipment should be able to operate in a wide range of conditions. This not only applies for exposure to the elements, but also for the inputs of systems; power input (mains, battery, generators, voltage and type of sinus), water (salt, sweet, dirty), fuel (propane, petrol, diesel or a combination of these) and lubricants.

For proper equipment, look for ‘professional’ or ‘Industrial’ line/grade of equipment. Another good source of equipment are items design for third world/emergency aid. These items are generally made to be practical and nothing more.

My EDC

Not really sure why, but there is a lot of interest in what people carry on them every day, the so called Every Day Carry (EDC). The term does get widely abused for gear people only carry for certain moments. I mean a EDC for hiking, is well uhm... what you carry for hiking, hiking gear/kit? My EDC is not really exiting, not too much gear and I don't feel like getting the latest and greatest gadgets. Anyways here is my list of things I carry:

On my person:

Wallet: Tri-fold leather wallet.

Just a regular tri-fold wallet with cards and cash, the wallet is lined with foil to block RFID signals.Certain additions are a few plasters, extra passport sized photo and condoms. Shown in folded position for privacy reasons.

Keys

Keys with a small carabiner. (no keys pictures, just the carabiner. Keys can be copied using photos) The carabiner is used both to attached it to a d-ring on my pants (when available, depending on what I’m wearing) and to keep different sets of keys together. I have several key rings for home, work, running, car (car keys also has a ResQme), etc. and join them together with the carabiner. I have to many keys to carry them all. I choose a steel carabiner, because they are very durable. The alluminium ones break to often, unless you go for the large climbing style which are to big to carry.

A Swiss army knife: Victorinox Huntsman.

I have been carrying this for almost 10 years now.  It’s the ideal size for me and looks innocent enough, so nobody cares about it.. Tiny multitools are just too tiny for me and the larger ones are too large. I usually only need a blade, scissors, screw drivers, awl and bottle opener. I use the larger blade primarily for food and the smaller one for cutting all the other stuff.  The can opener and saw are only used when I’m camping with it.

A small Flashlight: Fenix LD10.

I have been carrying this light for 5-6 years now. I have one of the earliest versions of this light, without belt clip. I used to have a Fenix L1P, but with the newer CREE LED’s I decided to replace the L1P with this one. I do still use the Fenix L1P holster for my LD10, which I think is more convenient. Good thing I ordered replacements when they were still available. I prefer using AA sized batteries for most of my equipment, so this light suits that need. The light could be more simple for me, I usually only used it in low or turbo mode. Clicking to change the modes takes too much effort and I never use the SOS or strobe option. I do stick the light in my mouth when I need both hands, since I have yet to find a headlight which is as small and easy to carry.

Smartphone: Motorola Defy

One of the first waterproof smart phones you could get. I have it for almost 3 years. I have never tested it under water, but it has got wet in the rain or from sweat. Usually on my belt in a  horizontally mounted pouch (keeps it out of the way of seats belt, etc), but sometimes in a silicone cover in a pocket. Primarily used for the calendar, emails, weather forecast, traffic information and the hazardous material guide app. Since it’s still working find, I will just keep using it. 

Other items:

Casio watch, flat pack of ducttape, tissues, lip balm and tiny pack of some kind of skin care product.

In a pack I almost always carry:

External battery charger for my phone: Varta portable power pack

A simple battery pack to charge my phone with. It has reasonable capacity, a capacity indicator and the best: it was free.

First aid: Nitrile gloves and CPR mask

In a simple Ziploc bag a pair of nitrile gloves and small CPR mask.

Dust mask: Ekasty Sekur dust and welding fume mask.

A FFP2 (similar to N95) mask with a carbon layer. Carried just in case. I don’t think bigger/complex escape masks are worth the weight and size for everyday carry.

Other items:

Deodorant, tire patch kit, pen, lotion bar, key chain size LED lights and sports tape.  

Entanglement hazard: the scarf

Some people think i'm weird for tying loose end or having break away lanyards on things attached to me. Even a common item like a scarf can dangerous.

Here is a story from Fox news abaout a womam being killed due to a scarf getting caught on a escalator.
http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/01/30/canadian-woman-strangled-by-scarf-on-escalator/

Or a famous in the thirties dancer Isadora Duncan, whom died because of her scarf getting caught on the spokes of the open car she was in. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isadora_Duncan

IIHS video 'Understanding Car Crashes: When Physics Meets Biology'

I often sigh when people crash there car and say things like, ‘He got save by his tail hitch’. Little car damage does not mean less force on the body during car crash. Here is a nice video from the IIHS explain how injury’s occur during a crash. 

Cover your webcam

Cameras  are showing up more and more on different kinds of electronics we are using; smart TVs. computers, tablets, phones, etc. Most of these will be connected to the internet and there for will be venerable for hackers. Although common sense (don’t click on certain things) and antivirus suites help, it’s certainly not a guarantee that nobody will be able to access your webcam. Even LED indicator lights from webcams can be disabled by hackers. So one sure way to stop others from watching you using your camera’s is to tape it off.

Here are some links about this subject: From the Norton website:

http://us.norton.com/yoursecurityresource/detail.jsp?aid=webcam_hacking

The Washington post did a article about this. Which is also a warning for Apple users whom thing they are invaluable to viruses.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2013/12/18/research-shows-how-macbook-webcams-can-spy-on-their-users-without-warning/

My car kit

If you have a car it’s good to carry some additional equipment with you. Not only useful when something happens while you were traveling, but also useful when you are somewhere and need something.

There are many methods to carry emergency equipment in your car. I prefer to stick everything in all the little pockets, nooks and crannies I can find. I do have a small cooler (winter only) and toolbag in the trunk. My car is in the ‘mini’ category, so there is limited cargo space and having equipment place in something prevents it from becoming a projectile during an accident. Here is what I carry in my car:

Emergency equipment:

First aid kit

Foam fire extinguisher (Powder extinguishers ruins cars)

Life hammer

ResQme (on car key)

Warning lights/ signaling

4x LED flares

4x Hi-Viz vests

LED warning panel

Warning triangle

LED flashlight

Traffic cone for flashlight

General repair:

Saftey goggle

2x dust masks (FFP3, similar to N99)

Nitrile gloves (medical grade)

Leather work gloves

Towing strap 4 ton

Jumpercables 25mm2 (slightly thinner than AWG 3 gauge cables)

Screwdrivers / Philips screwdriver
Multitool (Victorinox Swisstool x)
Test light

Funnels

WD-40

Silicon rescue tape

Duct tape

Electric tape

Door seal grease stick

Spare lights

Spare fuses

Tire equipment:

Full size spare tire (on rim)

Jack

Tire wrench

Tire plug kit

4 way valve tool and valve cores

Tire pressure gauge

Tire profile gauge

Recovery:

Tri-fold shovel

Traction plates

Foam pad

Survival equipment:

Trangia messtin

Pocket chainsaw
Waterfilter straw

Folding knife

Signal mirror

Signal whistle

Spare batteries

Emergency space blankets

Plastic ponchos

Candle

Lighter

Matches

Ferrosium rod

Tinder

Pillow

Blanket

Garbage bags

Toilet paper

Phone charger

Multipurpose key

Earplugs

Hand sanitation gel

Cooler with 6 pack water, food, candle’s and matches. 

Cargo

2x Short cargo straps

2x Long cargo straps

Cargo net

Winter:

Deicer

Ice scraper large with snow brush

Ice scraper small with glove

Not in this list are normal everyday gear (tissues, Umbrella, maps, GPS, glass cleaner, etc).